Huntington s Disease ( Hd ) - 931 Words

Huntington s disease (HD) is basically neurological disorder that is triggered by a genetic mutation in the IT15 gene. Major characteristics of this disease are cognitive motor, psychiatric functions and advanced cell death in cortex and striatum. Certain important insights have emerged from the animal models that are related to the disease pathology and results of therapeutic strategies. A number of research studies have been conducted up till now and the majority of which have focused upon the use of toxin-induced models while studying the cell death, excitotoxicity and mitochondrial impairment. All of such models are based upon the quinolinic acid and 3-nitropropionic acid respectively. The huntingtin mutation was discovered in 1993 and this finding became the basis of newer models where similar genetic defect is incorporated in these newer models. It has been reported by Pouladi (2013) that the major reason behind the development of such animal models is revealing of causative ge ne in HD (Huntington s disease). The models that incorporate knock-in and transgenic rodents are true representative of pathology and HD progression. Advanced research has proved that production of genetic models in such species is really a difficult task, and in order to encrypt the gene mutation in specified brain areas, a more advanced model that can incorporate the viral vector can be an effective approach. HD is only one of a few trinucleotide rehash disarranges which are initiated by theShow MoreRelatedHuntington s Disease ( Hd )1250 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Topic Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a genetic disorder in which the necrosis of cells in the brain causes early death [9]. The neurodegeneration of the brain leads to mechanical and psychological symptoms, which can present normally from 30 to 50 years of age or even earlier, which is referred to as Juvenile Huntington’s Disease [3,5,6]. Some mechanical symptoms of HD are change in gait, uncontrolled or sudden movement, abnormal face movement, turning the whole head instead of usingRead MoreHuntington s Disease ( Hd ) Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesHuntington’s disease (HD) is a late-onset, usually between 35 and 50 years old, neurodegenerative disorder prevalent in 3-7 per 100,000 people of European ancestry1. The disease, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern2, is characterized by motor disturbance, intellectual decline, and psychiatric manifestations3. The disease is difficult to detect at an early stage of an individual’s life since its symptoms appear in the third to fifth decade of life. To better understand the disease, investigationsRead MoreHuntington s Disease ( Hd ) Is A Neurodegenerative Disease1289 Words   |  6 PagesHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects roughly 10 individuals per 100,000 (Nopoulus, 2016). This disorder is normally associated with symptoms including motor impairment, namely slowed movements and random muscle contractions, as well as depression and cognitive dysfunction. However, another prominent symptom that has yet to be mentioned until recently is sleep disturbance and alteration of normal circadian rhythms. It is estimated that 60-90% of HD patients have sleepRead MoreGenetic Disease Is An Autosomal Dominant Neurodegenerative Disorder737 Words   |  3 PagesGenetic diseases are diseases that are passed on from parents to their offspring. An example of a genetic disease which can be inherited is Huntington Disease. Huntington Disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with midlife onset characterised by psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms(G. Vonsattel and DiFiglia, 1998). The statistics for HD blah blah blah Like all genetic diseases, huntington s disease has a specific inheritance pattern. Huntington disease is an autosomalRead MoreHuntington s Disease : A Progressive Brain Disorder Caused By A Defective Gene1134 Words   |  5 PagesHuntington s Disease (HD) is a progressive brain disorder caused by a defective gene. This disease causes changes in the central area of the brain, which affect movement, mood and thinking skills. Nerve cells become impaired, causing several segments of the brain to fail. The disease disturbs movement, behavior and perception the affected people abilities to walk, think, reason and talk are slowly weakened to a point that they eventually become entirely dependent on other people for care. HD isRead MoreHuntington s Disease : A Dynamic, Neurological Disorder1632 Words   |  7 PagesHuntington s disease is a dynamic, neurological disorder. Tragically, it doesn t demonstrate manifestations until people have reached they’re 30 s or more. Children whose parent s have this genetic disorder have a 50-50 ( ) possibility of acquiring t he trait. History Huntington s disease was found by numerous researchers before George Huntington. For instance in the 1840 s HD was described in writing as a Chronic hereditary chorea by Dr Waters of Franklin N.Y., ( ) who found aRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Huntington s Disease1350 Words   |  6 PagesHuntington s Disease Huntington s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that is caused by a mutation on the HTT gene. It typically effects persons in their third to fifth decade of life and can be passed onto their children. Neurons in the brain waste away or degenerate in different areas causing the characterizing symptoms, such as dance-like movements and mental decline. Diagnosis and prognosis can be devastating to both individual and family. However, there are genetic tests thatRead MoreGenetic Testing And Mental Health Disorders1039 Words   |  5 PagesHuntington’s disease through human genome and family research. Diagnostic and presymptomatic testing is available by discovering a gene mutation for Huntington Disease (HD) and prepares persons who are at risk for Huntington Disease (HD) to ask for genetic testing. A multi-visit protocol is enacted when HD genetic testing is offered through HD testing centers, followed by education and counseling for those requesting to have HD gene testing. I will use this paper to define Huntington’s disease, choreaRead MoreHuntington s Disease And Its Effects831 Words   |  4 PagesHuntington’s Disease Huntington’s is named after George Huntington who was the first person to describe the disease in 1872. However it wasn’t until 1993 that the gene that causes Huntington’s was discovered. Huntington’s is an inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and causes severe cognitive decline. The result is involuntary movements, emotional disturbance, damaged perception and memory as well as overall lowered though processing ability. We know that Huntington’s is a geneticRead MoreResearch Paper on Huntingtons Disease1268 Words   |  6 PagesHuntington’s disease is a hereditary brain disorder that is progressive in neurodegeneration; which means, there is a loss of function and structures of one’s neurons. In the long run it results in the loss of both mental and physical control. The disease affects muscle coordination, cognition and behavior. It used to be known as Huntington’s chorea because it is the most common genetic disease that is the cause of abnormal twitching. Huntington s has an intense effect on patients, as individuals

SWOT Analysis of Sage Group Plc Free Essays

The Sage Group is a global supplier of software solutions as well as services in business management to both small and medium sized businesses. This paper will analyze the company with key focus being placed on its internal strengths and weaknesses and how they prepare or hinder it from the opportunities and threats existing in its industry. Introduction The Sage Group offers solutions in a number of areas including Payroll, financial forecasting, human resources, taxation, accounting, customer relationship management and other products related with accounting, e-business, business stationery, and development platforms. We will write a custom essay sample on SWOT Analysis of Sage Group Plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its primary operating regions are Europe andNorth America. The company’s headquarters are located inNewcastle upon Tyneand it has approximately 14, 350 employees. As of April 5, 2012 the company was ranked position 73 with a market capitalization of 3,905.8 million pounds (Stock Challenge, 2012). Its performance in the FTSE has been consistently around the 60-80 range in the last couple of years but compared to the highest ranked company (Royal Dutch Shell) which had a market capitalization of ?137,243.1 million, it has a long way to go before it enters the top fifty let alone join the top ten companies. Back in 2009 financial year, the group had recorded revenues of ?1,439.3 million which was an 11.1% increase compared to the 2008 financial year (The LSI Group, n.d). The 2011 financial year, the company recorded revenue of ?1,334.1 million which was a 4% increase from the 1,227.6 million pounds that it had recorded in the 2010 financial year (The LSI Group, n.d). Overview of the 2011 financial year The 2011 financial year saw the underlying earnings per share and organic revenue increase and in the same year a significant change was seen in the strategic and operational perspective of the group. For instance, a new management structure got embedded and the group disposed of its Sage Healthcare business. A major strength in the group is its ability to expand the range of products and services that it offers to its customers (The LSI Group, n.d). This has been made especially better through the company’s decision to leverage the web further and to re-engage in MA. resulting from the culture of innovation in the group, an established range of products offered to customers and focus on provision of real business benefits to customers, the group increased its SME customers by 261,000 in the year 2011. Strengths and Weaknesses in the group A major strength that the company has is its innovation and technology. New technology developments prepare the group to utilize opportunities of delivering productivity gains to small and medium sized businesses through the use of the group’s solutions. An example is the combination of credit card processing and accounting which would help customers avoid re-keying data hence making them control their payments more effectively and in the end accelerate their own cash receipts. This strength has made it possible for the company to get an increase in demand of its payment services. The cross-selling of payments into the group’s North American accounting base, for example, has in 2011 grown by over 40%. This contributed to the 16% growth of the group’s payment businesses in that year (Hassett, 2011). The company has prioritized technology and its continual advancement therefore continuing to develop new online business solutions in the small business market such as the ‘Sage One’ which was launched in theUnited Kingdomin 2011. The new innovative products and services offered by the group make it possible for it to utilize opportunities in the industry. A majority of customers using Sage One, for example, are new to Sage. The other strength is its strong brand which has given it a competitive advantage. The recent decision to rebrand the group’s North American accounting and ERP products will transition them to one Sage brand and individual brands will be eliminated. This move will allow the group and its partners to focus their marketing efforts on one brand only therefore being able to maximize the impact of their marketing spending. Eventually, the step will help the company capitalize on its cross-sell opportunities. Acquisitions also helped the group in preparing for opportunities in the industry. The process prior to deciding on an appropriate acquisition opportunity is a critical and complex process. The potential acquisition opportunities have to be evaluated. The acquired company would help the group to embrace an additional key growth area which would translate to the growth of the group (Bharat Book Bureau, 2010). No significant acquisitions have been made by the group since 2006 but in October 2011 the group acquired an organization based inSouth Africa(Alchemex) which focuses on the providence of business intelligence tools for small and medium-sized businesses. As a result of the acquisition, Sage Group will have entered into a key growth area. The ability of the group to offer a wide range of tailor-made software solutions has benefited the group since it enables it to gain a large customer base (Bharat Book Bureau, 2010). Despite the benefits that the strategy has had in helping the group to increase its customer base, it might act as a barrier as the company strives to gain a significant scale. In addition, it may deter the company from appropriately rewarding its long-term shareholders who feel that they should get as much as possible from their company. Conclusion The Sage Group is a global company that offers a wide range of software solutions to small and medium-sized businesses all over the world. It has its headquarters inNewcastleand many branches distributed all over the globe. The group was ranked 73 in the FTSE 100 as of April 5, 2012. A number of strengths and weaknesses in the company impact on the opportunities and threats either positively or negatively. References Bharat Book Bureau, 2010, The Sage Group plc, SWOT analysis, viewed April 7th 2012, http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/information-technology-market-research-report/sage-group-plc-the-swot-analysis.html FTSE All-Share Index Ranking as at close on Thu, 5 April 2012, viewed April 6, 2012, http://www.stockchallenge.co.uk/ftse.php Hassett, S., 2011, The Risk Premium Factor: A New Model for Understanding the Volatile Forces That Drive Stock Prices, John Wiley Sons,New York. The LSI Group, LLE, The Sage Group Plc, A Story of Global Success, viewed April 7, 2012, http://thelsigroup.com/Best.htm Appendix Figure 1: FTSE All-Share Index Ranking (unofficial guide) as at close on Thu, 5 April 2012 65CPICapita GroupFTSE 100723.00 4,434.2 66BLNDBritish Land CoFTSE 100472.70 4,201.7 67IHGInterContinental Hotels GroupFTSE 1001,440.00 4,180.3 68CCLCarnivalFTSE 1001,919.00 4,094.4 69UU.United Utilities GroupFTSE 100596.50 4,066.8 70ITRKIntertek GroupFTSE 1002,498.00 4,000.5 71SMINSmiths GroupFTSE 1001,014.00 3,979.7 72SDR+SDRCSchrodersFTSE 1001,476.00 / 1,147.00 3,978.1 73SGESage GroupFTSE 100295.10 3,905.8 74GFSG4SFTSE 100269.60 3,803.2 75AMECAMECFTSE 1001,128.00 3,747.1 76REXRexamFTSE 100419.80 3,681.5 77RSARSA Insurance GroupFTSE 100104.30 3,676.4 78WEIRWeir GroupFTSE 1001,727.00 3,649.8 79SVTSevernTrentFTSE 1001,507.00 3,580.0 80RSLResolution LtdFTSE 100252.00 3,569.0 81POLYPolymetal InternationalFTSE 100932.00 3,566.6 82IAGInternational Consolidated Airlines Group SAFTSE 100180.00 3,339.7 83ITVITVFTSE 10085.50 3,325.2 84BNZLBunzlFTSE 1001,005.00 3,320.5 85TATETate LyleFTSE 100704.00 3,290.4 86VEDVedanta ResourcesFTSE 1001,235.00 3,282 Source: http://www.stockchallenge.co.uk/ftse.php How to cite SWOT Analysis of Sage Group Plc, Essay examples

Depression in Adolescents Essay Example For Students

Depression in Adolescents Essay Psychology Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes to no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teen suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly under diagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work and personal adjustment which may often continue into adulthood. How prevalent are mood disorders in children and when should an adolescent with changes in mood be considered clinically depressed? Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often over looked in children and adolescents is because children are not always able to express how they feel. Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts, and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1996) observed that the challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm. Therefore, diagnosis should not lay only in the physicians hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the patient on a daily basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster ; Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster ; Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders (Lasko et al., 1996), hyperactivity (Blackman, 1995), substance abuse (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al., 1996) and suicide (Blackman, 1995; Brown, 1996; Lasko et al. , 1996; Oster ; Montgomery, 1996) all of which can hide depressive symptoms. The signs of clinical depression include marked changes in mood and associated behaviors that range from sadness, withdrawal, and decreased energy to intense feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Depression is often described as an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of normal mood changes (Brown 1996). Key indicators of adolescent depression include a drastic change in eating and sleeping patterns, significant loss of interest in previous activity interests (Blackman, 1995; Oster ; Montgomery, 1996), constant boredom (Blackman, 1995), disruptive behavior, peer problems, increased irritability and aggression (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) proposed that formal psychologic testing may be helpful in complicated presentations that do not lend themselves easily to diagnosis. For many teens, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity. For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko et al., 1996). Oster ; Montgomery (1996) stated that when parents are struggling over marital or career problems, or are ill themselves, teens may feel the tension and try to distract their parents. This distraction could include increased disruptive behavior, self-inflicted isolation and even verbal threats of suicide. So how can the physician determine when a patient should be diagnosed as depressed or suicidal? Brown (1996) suggested the best way to diagnose is to screen out the vulnerable groups of children and adolescents for the risk factors of suicide and then refer them for treatment. Some of these risk factors include verbal signs of suicide within the last three months, prior attempts at suicide, indication of severe mood problems, or excessive alcohol and substance abuse. .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .postImageUrl , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:hover , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:visited , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:active { border:0!important; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:active , .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf19b9c14e74909283b65a2766f47aafb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: State Vs. Shoemaker Essay Many physicians tend to think of depression as an illness of adulthood. In fact, Brown (1996) stated that it was only in the 1980s that mood disorders in children were included in the category of diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. In actuality, 7-14% of children will experience an episode of major depression before the age of 15. An average of 20-30% of adult bipolar patients report having their first episode before the age of 20. In a sampling of 100,000 adolescents, two to three thousand will have mood disorders out of which 8-10 will commit suicide (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) remarked that the suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade. Brown (1996) added that an estimated 2,000 teenagers per year commit suicide in the United States, making it the leading cause of death after accidents and homicide. Blackman (1995) stated that it is not uncommon for young people to be preoccupied with issues of mortality and to contemplate the effect their death would have on close family and friends. Once it has been determined that the adolescent has the disease of depression, what can be done about it? Blackman (1995) has suggested two main avenues to treatment: psychotherapy and medication. The majority of the cases of adolescent depression are mild and can be dealt with through several psychotherapy sessions with intense listening, advice and encouragement. Comorbidity is not unusual in teenagers, and possible pathology, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, learning disability or attention deficit hyperactive disorder, should be searched for and treated, if present (Blackman, 1995). For the more severe cases of depression, especially those with constant symptoms, medication may be necessary and without pharmaceutical treatment, depressive conditions could escalate and become fatal. Brown (1996) added that regardless of the type of treatment chosen, it is important for children suffering from mood disorders to receive prompt treatment because early onset places children at a greater risk for multiple episodes of depression throughout their life span. Until recently, adolescent depression has been largely ignored by health professionals but now several means of diagnosis and treatment exist. Although most teenagers can successfully climb the mountain of emotional and psychological obstacles that lie in their paths, there are some who find themselves overwhelmed and full of stress. How can parents and friends help out these troubled teens? And what can these teens do about their constant and intense sad moods? With the help of teachers, school counselors, mental health professionals, parents, and other caring adults, the severity of a teens depression can not only be accurately evaluated, but plans can be made to improve his or her well-being and ability to fully engage life. BibliographyBlackman, M. (1995, May). You asked about.. . adolescent depression. The Canadian Journal of CME Internet. Available HTTP: http://www. mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-dp01.html. Brown, A. (1996, Winter). Mood disorders in children and adolescents. NARSAD Research Newsletter Internet. Available HTTP: http://www. mhsource.com/advocacy/narsad/childmood.html. Lasko, D. S., et al. (1996). Adolescent depressed mood and parental unhappiness. Adolescence, 31 (121), 49-57. Oster, G. D., Montgomery, S. S. (1996). Moody or depressed: The masks of teenage depression. Self Help Psychology Internet. Available HTTP: http://www.cybertowers.com/selfhelp/articles/cf/moodepre.html.